Constitution
Constitution is the foundational law of a country which ordains the fundamental principles on the government (or the governance) of that country is based. It lays down the framework and principal function of various organs of the government as well as the modalities of interaction between the government and its citizens. With the exception of the United Kingdom (U.K.), almost all democratic countries possess a written constitution. INDIA also possesses an elaborate written constitution which was enacted assembly specifically set up for the purpose.

 Our Constitution 
Our present constitution - the first constitution of India framed and given to themselves by the people of India was adopted by the Constitution Assembly on 26 November 1949. It came into full operation with effect from 26 January 1950. The Constitution as originally adopted had 22 parts, 395 articles and 8 schedules. It's present text is as amended from time to time.


Some Special Features of the Constitution

  • The Constitution of India is the lengthiest and the most comprehensive of all the written Constitution of the world. 
  • Originally the Constitution of India consisted of 395 Articles divided into 22 parts and 8 Schedule. 
  • The India Constitution provides for matters of administrative details. 
  • The Constitution contains detailed provisions relating to Center - State relation including the emergency provisions. 
  • Special status has been given to Jammu & Kashmir and some other states such as Nagaland, Mizoram, Assam, Gujarat etc. 
  • Union the Constitution the people of India are the ultimate sovereign. 
  • The Constitution of India establishes a Parlimentary form of Government both at the Center and States. 
  • TheIndian Constitution, though written, is sufficiently flexible. 
  • The Constitution declares certain Fundamentals Rights of the Individual. 
  • It is a unique features of the Indian Constitution that it makes the citizens' duties a part of the basic law of the land. 
  • One of the most important and unique features of the Indian Constitution is the provision of Directive Principles of State Policy to secure a truly welfare State. 
  • The Indian Constitution, distributes the legislative subject on which the parliament and State Legislature can enact law under three list viz. Union List, State List and Concurrent List. 
  • The Indian Constitution unlike other federal Constitution provides for a single unified judiciary with the Supreme Court at the apex, the High Courts in the middle and the Subordinates Court at the bottom. 
  • There are provisions in the Constitution to ensure Independence of judiciary.
  • The Constitution of India has adopted a balance between the American system of Judicial Supremacy. 
  • The most remarkable feature of the India Constitution is being a federal Constitution it acquired a unitary character during the time of emergency. 
  • Under the Indian Constitution every adult 18 years of age has been given the right to elect representatives for the legislature without prescribing any qualifications based either on sex, property, education or the like 
  • A distinctive feature of the Indian Constitution is that it provides for the establishment of a Secular State. Regardless of their religious beliefs, all Indian citizens enjoy equal rights. 
  • The State can not discriminate against anyone on the ground of religion or caste, nor can it compel anybody to pay taxes for the support of any particular religion. 
  • The Indian Constitution has special reservation of seats for the Schedule Caste and Tribes in public appointments and in educational institutions and in the Union and State Legislatures. 
  • An outstanding feature of the Constitution is Panchayati Raj. The idea for organising village Panchayats was provided in the Constitution under Article 40 of Part IV which received Constitutional legitimacy through the 73rd Amendment to the Indian Constitution. 

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